- Title
- Do v-3 PUFAs affect insulin resistance in a sex-specific manner? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- Creator
- Abbott, Kylie A.; Burrows, Tracy L.; Thota, Rohith N.; Acharya, Shamasunder; Garg, Manohar L.
- Relation
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Vol. 104, Issue 5, p. 1470-1484
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.116.138172
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press
- Resource Type
- journal article
- Date
- 2016
- Description
- Background: Evidence has suggested that omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) improve obesity-induced insulin resistance (IR); however, results from human intervention trials have been equivocal. Recently it has been reported that n-3 PUFA status is inversely associated with type 2 diabetes in women but not in men, suggesting a sex-dependent effect. Objective: We aimed to determine whether n-3 PUFA interventions affect IR in a sex-dependent manner. Design: Five databases were searched (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and Pre-Medline) for randomized controlled trials. Searches were limited to the English language and to studies with adults aged .18 y. When possible, studies were pooled for a meta-analysis. The principle summary measure was the standardized mean difference (SMD) between groups. Results: Thirty-one eligible trials were identified with a total of 1848 participants [men: 45.1%; weighted mean 6 SD age: 52.5 6 8.2 y; weighted body mass index (in kg/m2): 28.8 6 3.0]. Seven studies were conducted in women, 4 studies were conducted in men, and the remaining studies pooled men and women together. Twenty-six trials were pooled for the meta-analysis (men: n = 2; women: n = 6). With all studies (n = 26) pooled, there was no effect of n-3 PUFA on IR at the group level (SMD: 0.089; 95% CI: 20.105, 0.283; P = 0.367). In trials of 6 wk, a significant improvement in IR was seen in women (SMD: 20.266; 95% CI: 20.524, 20.007; P = 0.045) but not in men (SMD: 0.619; 95% CI: 20.583, 1.820; P = 0.313). Conclusions: With this analysis, we provide preliminary evidence of a sex-dependent response of IR to an n-3 PUFA intervention. Additional studies are needed to confirm sex-dependent associations and to elucidate the potential mechanisms that are involved.
- Subject
- adults; diabetes; omega-3 PUFAs; DHA; EPA; insulin resistance; insulin sensitivity
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1347575
- Identifier
- uon:30070
- Identifier
- ISSN:0002-9165
- Language
- eng
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